Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an illness caused by a specific strain of bacteria called Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A Streptococcus (GAS). It was once a widespread and feared disease, but with the advent of antibiotics, scarlet fever is now considered a mild illness that can be effectively treated, if detected early.
The connection between scarlet fever and streptococcal infections lies in the fact that the bacteria that cause scarlet fever are part of the same family of bacteria that cause other streptococcal infections. These infections include streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat), impetigo, cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease).
Streptococcal infections are spread through direct contact with an infected person or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching one’s own mouth, nose or eyes. People with streptococcal infections are contagious and can spread the disease to others until they have been on antibiotics for at least 24 hours.
The symptoms of scarlet fever usually appear one to two days after exposure to the bacteria and include a high fever, sore throat, headache, and muscle aches. The most distinctive symptom of scarlet fever is the bright red rash that covers the body, hence the name scarlet fever. The rash starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body, giving it a sandpaper-like texture. The tongue may also be coated with a white layer, giving it a “strawberry” appearance. This is often seen on the tongue.
Scarlet fever is typically diagnosed by a doctor based on the symptoms and a physical examination. A throat swab or blood test may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the specific type of streptococcal bacteria causing the infection.
Treatment for scarlet fever involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria and relieve symptoms. The most common antibiotics used to treat scarlet fever are penicillin or amoxicillin. With prompt treatment, the symptoms of scarlet fever usually go away within three to seven days and the rash disappears within two to four weeks.
In severe cases or if left untreated, scarlet fever can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever, kidney inflammation (nephritis), and ear, skin, and lung infections. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you or your child experience symptoms of scarlet fever.
In conclusion, scarlet fever is a mild illness caused by a specific strain of Streptococcus bacteria and is closely connected to other streptococcal infections. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can prevent complications and effectively treat the disease.
For more information, please contact us at London ENT.